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A 30-year-ol of HIV with a CD4 cell count of 120 cells (normal, 1000–1500). He had an ulcerating lesion on the side of his tongue which has been infected and swollen. Two enlarged, tender cervical lymph nodes were palpable. Ultrasound scan also revealed an enlarged spleen.

A 30-year-old man was diagnosed of HIV with a CD4 cell count of 120 cells (normal, 1000–1500). He had an ulcerating lesion on the side of his tongue which has been infected and swollen. Two enlarged, tender cervical lymph nodes were palpable.
Ultrasound scan also revealed an enlarged spleen.
1. Discuss the pathophysiology of HIV in relation to the reduction of the CD4 cells
2. Discuss the immune response by the body towards the virus (HIV)
3. Explain the molecular and cellular immune response leading to swollen lesion.
4. Discuss the cellular and molecular immune response resulting in the enlargement of the spleen and the cervical lymph nodes

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HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus. Causer of AIDS, it attacks the immune system, responsible for defending the body from diseases. The most affected cells are CD4+ T lymphocytes. And it is by altering the DNA of that cell that HIV makes copies of itself.

1. Discuss the pathophysiology of HIV in relation to the reduction of CD4 cells

HIV binds to a component of that cell's membrane, CD4, penetrating its interior to multiply. As a result, the defense system gradually loses the ability to respond properly, making the body more vulnerable to disease.

2. Discuss the body's immune response to the virus (HIV)

The innate immune responses to HIV infection are mainly the intense production of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 and interferon (IFN)-1, and the activation of natural killer (NK) cells, which can temporarily control HIV replication. through apoptosis of infected cells

3. Explain the molecular and cellular immune response that leads to the swollen lesion.

due to the accumulation of primary immune cells and the body's long attempt to fight the infection

4. Discuss the cellular and molecular immune response that results in enlargement of the spleen and cervical lymph nodes

An infection from bacteria and viruses, including HIV, can cause swelling of the lymph nodes. The swelling occurs because the infection reaches the nodes through lymph fluid. HIV most often affects lymph nodes around the neck as well as in the armpits and groin.

Learn more about HIV  in brainly.com/question/10667653

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