In the absence of crossing over, the formula that best represents the number of possible different arrangements of chromosomes generated by independent assortment is [tex]2^{n}[/tex] (n = number of pairs of homologous chromosomes in each cell entering meiosis).
Crossing over is the interchange of genes between two homologous chromosomes. This phenomenon is essential so that the offspring receives genes from both the parents. The process of crossing over occurs during meiosis.
Law of independent assortment was given by Mendel. It states that the alleles of genes are transferred into the gametes independently, without the influence of one another. Mendel explained this through his dihybrid cross.
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