The inhabitants of Asia and Africa were typically seen to be less civilized in the late 1800s, according to Western nations.
At the end of the 19th century, there was a widespread view in Europe and North America that human societies progressed linearly from less civilized (savage) to more civilized cultures. The new Darwinian approach to the study of human civilizations was directly responsible for the development of this theory.
This social Darwinism held that Western societies were more intellectually and technologically developed than the majority of African and Asian civilizations because (in their opinion) European races were more evolved than African and Asian people, who were perceived as being more primitive. Due to the necessity to use natural resources for their industrial economies and to spread the cultures of Europe among the colonial people, European powers justified the colonization of Africa and Asia.
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