During the Constitutional Convention, James Madison supported the concepts of checks and balances, bicameralism, federalism, and the separation of powers because he believed that they would constrain the government and protect individual liberties.
A strong national government with three branches—the legislative, executive, and judicial—was what James Madison recommended to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. The goal was to establish a two-house legislature that was proportionately representative.
According to Hamilton, Jay, and James Madison in the Federalist Papers, the decentralization of authority that existed under the Articles of Confederation prohibited the new nation from becoming powerful enough to compete in the international arena or to put a stop to internal revolutions. He believed that in order to prevent any arm of the government from having more power than the others, it should be structured with a system of checks and balances. James Madison also advocated for giving judges and governors more authority inside the government to better manage state legislatures.
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