Question

“I paid a visit to the tomb of John the son of Zechariah [a gure in the Christian Bible]—God’s blessing on both of them!—in the village of Sebastea in the province of Nablus [a region in the Middle East near the Jordan River]. After saying my prayers, I came out into the square that was bounded on one side by the Holy Precinct [a place of worship]. I found a half-closed gate, opened it and entered a church. Inside were about ten old men, their bare heads as white as combed cotton. They were facing east, and wore on their chests [wooden sticks] ending in crossbars turned up like the rear of a saddle. They took their oath on this sign and gave hospitality to those who needed it. The sight of their piety touched my heart, but at the same time it displeased and saddened me, for I had never seen such zeal and devotion among the Muslims.

For some time I brooded on this experience, until one day, as Mu’in ad-Din and I were passing . . . he said to me: ‘I want to dismount here and visit the Old Men [people who practice severe self-discipline].’

‘Certainly,’ I replied, and we dismounted and went into a long building set at an angle to the road. For the moment I thought there was no one there. Then I saw about a hundred prayer mats, and on each a su , his face expressing peaceful serenity, and his body humble devotion. This was a reassuring sight, and I gave thanks to Almighty God that there were among the Muslims men of even more zealous devotion than those Christian priests. Before this I had never seen su s in their monastery, and was ignorant of the way they lived.”

A Muslim describing Christians in the 12th century, quoted in Francesco Gabrieli, Arab Historians of the Crusades, 1969

(A) Describe ONE way that religious syncretism appeared in Dar al-Islam in the period c. 1200–c. 1450.

(B) Explain ONE way in which the behavior of the Su s demonstrates a difference within the practice of Islam in the period c. 1200–c. 1450.

(C) Explain ONE outcome of Christians and Muslims living in close proximity in the period c. 1200–c. 1450.

Your answer:

Answer 1

Tolerance of various religions is one way that religious syncretism emerged in Dar al-Islam between 1200 and 1450.

Historically, most empires followed just one religion, and religious tolerance was uncommon.

What is ONE way in which the behavior of the Sufis demonstrates a difference within the practice of Islam in the period c. 1200–c. 1450?

The search for the mystical and the supernatural of God was a transformation in the conduct of the Sufis, who demonstrated the difference in Islamic practice between around 1200 and 1450.

What is ONE outcome of Christians and Muslims living in close proximity in the period c. 1200–c. 1450?

Conflicts resulted from the close living of Christians and Muslims from 1200 to 1450 C. E. since both have different ideas and desired to take each other's countries, for which they fought numerous wars.

Thousands of conflicts were fought between the Christian and Muslim empires, and as a result, the Ottoman empire expanded across a huge territory by acquiring Christian areas.

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