The nurse determines a newborn is small-for-gestational-age based on wasted appearance of extremities, thin umbilical cord, and reduced subcutaneous fat stores characteristics.
Instead of the day of conception, the gestational age is calculated using the date of the last menstruation. As a result, by the time a woman really misses her period and a pregnancy test comes back positive, she is often at least four weeks pregnant.
The gestational age is used to determine a potential due date, guide obstetrical treatment and testing, and assess the newborn's health. It acts as a guide to help assess whether the baby is developing normally and when to carry out specific prenatal testing. These findings thus demonstrate that the main determinants causing poor pregnancy outcomes, such as infant mortality and morbidity, are significantly influenced by gestational age at birth. With longer gestation periods, the probability of negative outcomes decreases.
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