Using analogies or metaphors to better understand and retain new information are all methods of elaborative. Thus the correct option is D.
The analogy is referring as a comparison between two similar things as one another have likeness whereas the metaphor is referred a description of something or an event that is not exactly accurate but aids in explaining something or drawing comparisons.
Elaborative encoding involves intentionally drawing connections between new knowledge and what is presently stored in memory. Analogies or metaphors are elaborative techniques that help people comprehend and remember new knowledge.
Therefore, option D is appropriate.
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"Your question is incomplete, probably the complete question/missing part is:"
Using analogies or metaphors to better understand and retain new information are all methods of ________ rehearsal.
A)maintenance
B)encoding
C)chunking
D)elaborative