The sacrament of the Catholic Church in which transubstantiation takes place is the Eucharist.
The Eucharist takes place during mass, and it is its central moment. When performing this sacrament, the catholic priest says a prayer on the altar and consecrates an offering of bread and wine.
According to the Catholic Church faith, the miracle of transubstantiation takes place at this moment: bread and wine transform into Jesus Christ's flesh and blood. Because of this, Catholics believe Christ's sacrifice on the Cross is repeated again every mass during the Eucharist, and he is really present on the altar.
The second relevant moment of the Eucharist is the Holy Communion, when Catholics receive and share the consecrated bread and wine (Jesus' flesh and blood), as a memory of Christ's last Supper.
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