The respiratory system provides for gaseous exchange between the environment and blood stream.
The basic function of the respiratory system is to take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. Inhaled oxygen reaches the lungs and enters the alveoli.
The layers of cells which line the alveoli as well as the neighboring capillaries are each just one-cell thick and are in very close contact with each other.
This boundary between air and blood averages around 1 micron in thickness.
Oxygen moves rapidly across this air-blood boundary into the blood in the capillaries. Likewise, carbon dioxide is transferred from the blood into the alveoli and is then exhaled.
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