If a protein in the coactivator complex does not function properly then a mutation causes an activator to be nonfunctional.
A specific class of transcriptional coregulator known as a coactivator attaches to an activator (a transcription factor) to speed up the transcription of a gene or group of genes.
A DNA binding domain found in the activator attaches either to a DNA promoter site or a particular DNA regulatory region known as an enhancer.
By bringing general transcription machinery to the promoter, binding of the activator-coactivator complex speeds up transcription and so boosts gene expression.
The evolutionary conserved SAGA complex, which is divided into distinct functional and structural modules, is a well-studied coactivator. By attracting TBP to promoters and altering histones, SAGA promotes transcription.
Depending on the cell type and developmental stage, the usage of activators and coactivators allows for highly selective expression of some genes.
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