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The sum of the genetic, fossil, and archaeological evidence suggests that Neandertals are closely related to modern humans.
What are the Neanderthals?
Neanderthals are the closest extinct relative of modern humans. Their wide central region of the face, angled cheek bones, and enormous nose for moisturizing and warming cold, dry air are some of the distinguishing characteristics of their skulls. They had shorter, stockier bodies than we had as another adaptation to surviving in frigid climates. However, in proportion to their stronger bodies, their minds were often larger than ours and were on par with it.
Neanderthals were excellent hunters of huge animals who also consumed plant foods. They also made and used a variety of sophisticated tools, managed fire, lived in shelters, made and wore clothes, and occasionally created symbolic or aesthetic things. Neanderthals are known to have intentionally buried their deceased and, on rare occasions, even marked their graves with gifts like flowers. This complex and symbolic behavior had never been used by any other monkeys or earlier human species.
The Neanderthal Genome Project is one of the fascinating new fields of study into the origins of humans. DNA has been retrieved from more than a dozen Neanderthal remains, all from Europe.
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