A penny is dropped from a cell phone tower, after about 2s of free fall the acceleration of the penny is 8 m/s^2 east.
If the velocity of an object changes, it is said to be accelerated. An object's velocity can change due to an increase or decrease in speed or a change in direction of motion. Acceleration can be seen in the fall of an apple, the moon orbiting the earth, or a car stopped at a traffic light. Through these examples, we can see that acceleration occurs when a moving object's direction changes or its speed increases or decreases.
Because it has both magnitude and direction, acceleration is a vector quantity. It is also the second derivative of position relative to time or the first derivative of velocity relative to time.
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