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The answer is enterotoxin.
Enterotoxins are responsible for the disruption and possible destruction of host cells and tissues within the digestive tract. Enteron is Greek for "intestine." Enterotoxins are frequently cytotoxic and kill cells by altering the apical membrane permeability of the mucosal epithelial cells of the intestinal wall. The uniform host response is the development of diarrhea.
What are enterotoxins?
A protein exotoxin that targets the intestines and is secreted by a microbe is known as an enterotoxin.
Exotoxins with chromosomal or plasmid-based encoding known as enterotoxins are generated and secreted by many bacterial species. They have a low molecular weight, are water soluble, and are heat labile (>60⁰). The mucosal (epithelial) cells of the intestinal wall's apical membrane become more permeable as a result of enterotoxins, which are frequently cytotoxic and destroy cells. The majority of them are pore-forming toxins (mostly chloride pores), which are released by bacteria and combine to form pores in cell membranes. The cells die as a result of this.
Food poisoning and traveler's diarrhea are both conditions brought on by enterotoxins, which have a particularly noticeable impact on the digestive system. The apical membrane of intestinal mucosal cells becomes more permeable to chloride ions as a result of enterotoxins' activity. Higher intracellular calcium ion concentration or increased cAMP both activate these membrane pores. The osmolarity of the luminal contents of the intestines is directly impacted by pore development. A lumen leak caused by increased chloride permeability is followed by sodium and water migration. After consuming enterotoxin, this results in a secretory diarrhea within a few hours.
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