Depending on the stimuli, the smooth muscle lining an artery will either vasodilate (relax) or vasoconstrict (contract), which will either increase or decrease the blood flow, respectively, to the target tissues.
Arteries have far thicker walls than veins because they include a lot more smooth muscle. This is due to the fact that they must transport the blood that has been pumped from the heart to all the organs and tissues that require the oxygenated blood. They both have a comparable endothelium lining.
Blood is redistributed throughout the body to locations where it is needed by a system in which vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to alter local blood pressure and blood vessel volume (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Therefore, the primary role of vascular smooth muscle tone is to control the size of the body's blood vessels. High blood pressure results from excessive vasoconstriction, whereas excessive vasodilation leads to low blood pressure.
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