A lobotomy, or leucotomy, is a form of neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorder or neurological disorder (e.g. epilepsy) that involves severing connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex.
The surgery causes most of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex, the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, to be severed. In the past, this treatment was used for treating psychiatric disorders
The procedure's inventor, Portuguese neurologist António Egas Moniz, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for his "discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses," though the awarding of the prize has been disputed.
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