In the polymerization reaction, the lone pair electrons on the NH₂ groups of hexanediamine attack the C=O groups of the dicarboxylic acid in a nucleophilic substitution reaction as shown in the image.
Hydroxide is added to remove any H⁺ ions present and keep the hexanediamine in the deprotonated form, so that the NH₂ lone pair electrons are available for reaction.
If hydroxide is not added, the NH₂ groups will get protonated by H⁺ ions present to give NH₃⁺ groups, which cannot react.
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