A temperature inversion causes a greater concentration of pollutants close to the earth’s surface.
Temperature inversions, also known as weather inversions or thermal inversions, happen when the atmosphere's typical heat gradient is reversed. Usually, the atmosphere is warmer near the ground and gets colder as one ascends. A pocket of stagnant air forms near the surface of the Earth when cold air is trapped beneath warm air during a temperature inversion.
When temperature inversions persist for a time, pollutants trapped beneath the warm air's surface can lead to dangerous air quality conditions. Temperature inversions often dissipate with the breeze or when the surface starts warming again the next day.
By lying behind layers of warm air in low locations like valleys, cold air can settle there and exacerbate the inversion. When the terrain starts to cool off in the evening, thermal inversions happen. Because the earth's surface no longer emits as much heat, the air nearby can cool more quickly than the air above, creating an inversion.
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