Each linked intelligence with actions and appearances similar to their own. This is the factor that links the intelligence studies of Francis Galton, Karl Pearson, and Charles Spearman.
All three were renowned statisticians who developed existing tools and methods while studying the human mind, human character, and society in general. Francis Galton is considered the pioneer figure in the field of psychometric, including intelligence research. Karl Pearson was clearly his successor and tried to move his work forward. He pioneered the use of many statistical tools considered conventional in bio-statistics. Charles Spearman was the first to articulate the "g factor". Spearman was greatly influenced by the work of Francis Galton. Galton was a pioneer in psychology and developed Spearman's primary statistical tool, correlation.
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