Option 2. idea of separating the parts of government that make the laws, enforce the laws, and settle disputes over the laws was most influentially argued by Montesquieu.
Who was Montesquieu?
This was the person in the United States that is known for the fact that he advocated that the government of areas have to strive to divide the government t into several divisions.
This is what is meant by the separation of powers where the concentration of powers would not have to remain in just one particular arm of the government in order to prevent the issues that may arise from it.
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