The function of splicing factors is to influence the selection of splice sites in RNA. In certain cell types, the concentration of particular splicing factors is higher than in others. The high concentration of particular splicing factors, and the regulation of their activities, may promote the selection of particular splice sites and thereby lead to tissue-specific splicing.
The bulk of the exons in a gene are ligated together and introns are removed during the process of constitutive splicing. Alternative splicing deviates from this favored sequence by skipping some exons, producing other types of mature mRNA.
The exons that are ultimately incorporated in the mature mRNA are influenced by weaker splicing signals at alternative splice sites, shorter exon lengths, or better sequence conservation surrounding orthologous alternative exons. The spliceosome, a dynamic and adaptable macromolecular mechanism that functions in a synergistic and antistatic manner, mediates this process.
Exon shuffling, exonization of transposable elements, and constitutively spliced exons have all been suggested as three potential processes for the development of alternative splicing.
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