In his longitudinal research on the stability of temperament, Jerome kagan found that most children's dispositions became less extreme over time.
Difficult temperament describes a child characterized by negative mood, withdrawal, low adaptability, high intensity, and low regularity. Temperament problems are associated with a variety of developmental consequences, including personality, socialization, and behavioral problems. Previous studies have shown that it is stable from infancy through adolescence.
One of the factors that influences a difficult temperament is upbringing. The link between a child's difficult temperament and negative parenting is well recorded in the literature. Research on the relationship between difficult temperament and negative parenting shows that difficult temperament creates negativity, anger, or coercion in children, putting them at risk of controlling parenting.
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