Sex-linked genes are transmitted with the sex chromosomes. The combination of alleles that are involved in the inheritance of a sex-linked trait are alleles carried on X and Y chromosomes. Option C)
Genes are physically located and arranged in the chromosomes. Each chromosome contains several genes that vary in length and code for different traits. So, all chromosomes are different, except for the homologous ones.
In mammals, sex is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes, X and Y.
When talking about sex-linked genes, we refer to genes located in one of the sex chromosomes. In general, genes are linked to the X chromosome.
Being linked to one of the sex chromosomes means that these genes, and their corresponding alleles, will only be inherited together with the chromosome.
In the case of X-linked genes, a male that inherits the X chromosome from a heterozygous female can express either the dominant or the recessive trait, depending on which allele it got from the mother.
According to this framework, the correct answer is C) alleles that are carried on X and Y chromosomes.
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