Homology represents the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different species.
Homology basically shows the similarity which can exist between two different species. The structures which come from a common ancestor but serve completely different functions in different species are known as the homologous structures.
A very common example of homologous structure is arms of primates, the forelimbs of the vertebrates, wings or birds, flippers of whale and the forelegs of dogs. These modifications in these structures is due to adaptations for different purposes. Homologous genes are the ones which have been inherited by two different species but from a common ancestor.
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