Through binding and inducing changes in synaptotagmin which causes the plasma membrane to curve, thus, facilitating fusion.
Ca2+ triggers synaptic vesicle exocytosis, therefore, releasing the neurotransmitters contained in the vesicles and initiating synaptic transmission. Synaptotagmin (syt) is a Ca2+ sensor which can induce fast and synchronous neurotransmitter release.
Synaptic transmission amidst pre- and post-synaptic neurons occurs when the pre-synaptic neuron terminal is temporarily depolarized upon an action potential, thereby, opening Ca2+ channels near the active zones of synapses. Ca2+ flows into the cytoplasm as the extracellular Ca2+ concentration is much higher than the cytoplasmic concentration . Successively, Ca2+ triggers fusion of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane in less than a millisecond.
Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the synaptic cleft upon fusion, which then bind to the receptors located in the postsynaptic membrane.
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