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The break up of the supercontinent Rodinia and changes in climate due to increased weathering and carbon dioxide drawdown are likely causes of snowball earth.
Rodinia was a supercontinent that assembled 1.1–0.9 billion years ago and broke up 750–633 million years ago. The extreme cooling of the global climate around 717–635 million years ago (the so-called Snowball Earth of the Cryogenian period) and the rapid evolution of primitive life are thought to have been triggered by the breaking up of Rodinia
The results revealed the breakup of Rodinia occurred over the same geological time period as carbon dioxide declined and temperatures fell. That, Meert said, pointed to Rodinia's breakup as the cause of Snowball Earth
The break-up of a supercontinent may have caused a 'Snowball Earth'. The Earth might have been sent into an ice age by the break-up of a supercontinent 750 million years ago, creating a global snowball. The break-up probably caused an increase in rainfall and weathering of rock
Just as shattering a rock into pieces increases its exposed surface area, so breaking up the supercontinent increased the amount of land exposed to the elements and resulted in a more active hydrological cycle
To learn more about Rodinia here
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