True, Coniferous forests evolved due to earth’s continents assuming their modern configuration.
What are Conifers?
- Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the division Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae.
- The great majority are trees, though a few are shrubs. Examples include cedars, Douglas-firs, cypresses, firs, junipers, kauri, larches, pines, hemlocks, redwoods, spruces, and yews.
The evolution of the Coniferous forests:
- The earliest conifers appear in the fossil record during the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian), over 300 million years ago.
- The most primitive conifers belong to the paraphyletic assemblage of "Wallachian conifers", which were small trees, and probably originated in dry upland habitats.
- The range of conifers expanded during the Early Permian (Cisuralian) to lowlands due to increasing aridity.
- Wallachian conifers were gradually replaced by more advanced voltzialean or "transition" conifers. Conifers were largely unaffected by the Permian–Triassic extinction event and were dominant land plants of the Mesozoic era.
- Modern groups of conifers emerged from the Voltziales during the Late Permian through Jurassic.
- Conifers underwent a major decline in the Late Cretaceous corresponding to the explosive adaptive radiation of flowering plants.
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