The wavelength of light that the three types of cone photoreceptors in the retina are sensitive to primarily differentiates them.
The retina of vertebrate eyes, including the human eye, contains cone cells, or cones, which are photoreceptor cells.
They react differently to light of various wavelengths, and the interaction between these reactions is what gives people their ability to see color.
Contrary to rod cells, which perform better in low light, or the scotopic zone, cones work best in relatively high light, or the photopic region.
S-cones, M-cones, and L-cones are the three main varieties of cones, each with a unique pigment.
These cones are sensitive to the visible light spectrum, which includes short, medium, and long rays of light, respectively.
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