The Alkyl group (R) is a component of amino acids accounts for the differences in their properties.
An amino acid contains an Amino group, Carboxyl group, H atom and an Alkyl group. Amino group, Carboxyl group and H atom are common for all amino acids. Alkyl group(R) is unique for every Amino acid. It differs from an amino acid to other amino acid.
This provides unique property to every protein structure as well since amino acids make a polymer of proteins. The alkyl group in amino acid can be Carbon containing, Ring containing, Amino group or a carboxyl group as well.
If an amino group is added in place of an alkyl group or with an alkyl group then the amino acid becomes basic in nature.
Similarly, if carboxyl group added in place of an alkyl group or with an alkyl group then the amino acid becomes acidic in nature.
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