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The three paths taken by incoming solar radiation are:
- Earth's surface
- Atmospheric gases
- Reflected back
About 29 percent of the solar radiation that arrives at the top of the atmosphere is reflected back to space by clouds, atmospheric particles, or bright ground surfaces like sea ice and snow. This radiation plays no role in Earth’s climate system.
About 23 percent of incoming solar energy is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapour, dust, and ozone, and
48 percent passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface. Thus, about 71 percent of the total incoming solar energy is absorbed by the Earth system.
Solar radiation, often called the solar resource or just sunlight, is a general term for the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. Solar radiation can be captured and turned into useful forms of energy, such as heat and electricity, using a variety of technologies. However, the technical feasibility and economical operation of these technologies at a specific location depends on the available solar resource.
Every location on Earth receives sunlight at least part of the year. The amount of solar radiation that reaches any one spot on the Earth's surface varies according to:
- Geographic location
- Time of day
- Season
- Local landscape
- Local weather
DIFFUSE AND DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION
As sunlight passes through the atmosphere, some of it is absorbed, scattered, and reflected by:
- Air molecules
- Water vapour
- Clouds
- Dust
- Pollutants
- Forest fires
- Volcanoes
This is called diffuse solar radiation. The solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface without being diffused is called direct beam solar radiation. The sum of the diffuse and direct solar radiation is called global solar radiation. Atmospheric conditions can reduce direct beam radiation by 10% on clear, dry days and by 100% during thick, cloudy days.
To know more about solar radiation : https://brainly.com/question/24218100
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