The analogy suggests the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem.
The basic process of analogy is to find a problem (source) similar to the problem to be solved (target) and map the solution of that source problem to the target problem.
Note that analogy is a cognitive process in which problem solvers reason through the relationships between previous experiences and current problems. The reasoning process leads the team to a series of conclusions that serve many purposes.
Analogical thinking is what we do when we use information from one area (source or analogy) to solve a problem in another area (target). Professionals often use analogies in the process of problem-solving, and analogies have been involved in numerous scientific discoveries.
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