By means of the white primary were african americans "legally" disenfranchised from participating in the electoral process in the american south by the democratic party.
What is the white primary?
Following Reconstruction (1865–1877), white Southerners used a variety of strategies to limit the chances for former slaves and their descendants on the political, social, and economic fronts. One was the white primary, which restricted blacks' political clout. A primary is a contest held within a political party to choose the candidates the party would support for elective office. States started using primaries as a substitute for party conventions as a nomination mechanism in the late 1800s. Voters of color were not allowed to participate in the primary, turning it into a "white" primary. White primaries were one of the "Jim Crow" legislation employed in the South in the late 1800s and early 1900s to politically exclude African Americans, along with poll fees and literacy tests.
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