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The statement "Meiosis is the process by which cells are produced from a cell that was originally diploid" is false.
This is because meiosis is the process by which cells are produced from a cell that was originally haploid.
What is meant by meiosis?
- Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the production of four gamete cells and a 50% reduction in the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.
- To develop egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction, this process is necessary.
We observe the following stages in meiosis:
Meiosis I
interphase I
- Two identical complete sets of chromosomes are produced as a result of the cell's DNA being duplicated.
- Two centrosomes, each comprising a pair of centrioles, are located outside the nucleus and are essential for the process of cell division.
- These centrosomes produce microtubules during interphase.
prophase I
- Under a microscope, the copied chromosomes condense into distinct X-shaped structures.
- Two sister chromatids with identical genetic material make up each chromosome.
- So that both copies of chromosome 1 are together, both copies of chromosome 2 are together, and so on, the chromosomes couple up.
- The chromosomal pairs may then exchange DNA strands through a process known as recombination or crossing over.
- The membrane around the cell's nucleus melts at the conclusion of Prophase I, freeing the chromosomes.
- Microtubules and other proteins make up the meiotic spindle, which spans the cell between the centrioles.
metaphase I
- Along the cell's center (equator), the chromosomal pairs are positioned adjacent to one another.
- The meiotic spindles are now extending from the centrioles, which are now located at the cell's opposite poles.
- One chromosome from each pair is attached by the meiotic spindle fibers.
anaphase I
- The meiotic spindle then separates the pair of chromosomes by pulling one chromosome to one pole and the other chromosome to the opposite pole of the cell.
- The sister chromatids remain together throughout meiosis I.
- In contrast to mitosis and meiosis II, this occurs.
telophase I and cytokinesis
- The chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell in whole.
- A complete pair of chromosomes congregates at each pole of the cell.
- Each set of chromosomes is surrounded by a membrane that divides into two new nuclei.
- The single cell then divides into two independent daughter cells, each of which has a nucleus and a complete complement of chromosomes. Cytokinesis is the name for this process.
Meiosis II
prophase II
- Two daughter cells with 23 chromosomes each are present at this time (23 pairs of chromatids).
- The chromosomes once more condense into clear, X-shaped structures that are simple to observe under a microscope in each of the two daughter cells.
- Each daughter cell's nucleus membrane disintegrates, releasing the chromosomes.
- Centrioles are duplicative.
- Once more, the meiotic spindle forms.
metaphase II
- Chromosomes (a pair of sister chromatids) are arranged end to end along the cell's equator in each of the two daughter cells.
- In each of the daughter cells, the centrioles are now located at opposing poles.
- The sister chromatids are connected by meiotic spindle fibers that are attached to each pole of the cell.
anaphase II
- Chromosomes (a pair of sister chromatids) are arranged end to end along the cell's equator in each of the two daughter cells.
- In each of the daughter cells, the centrioles are now located at opposing poles.
- The sister chromatids are connected by meiotic spindle fibers that are attached to each pole of the cell.
telophase II and cytokinesis
- The chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell in whole.
- A complete pair of chromosomes congregates at each pole of the cell.
- Each set of chromosomes is surrounded by a membrane to produce two new cell nuclei.
- Even though this is the final stage of meiosis, cell division is not finished without one more cycle of cytokinesis.
- Four granddaughter cells, each with half a set of chromosomes (haploid), are produced once cytokinesis is finished.
- In men, these four cells are all sperm cells, whereas in females, one of the cells is an egg cell and the other three are polar bodies (small cells that do not develop into eggs).
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