The disorder from the Byzantines and Sasanids caused peripheral societies to be drawn into the conflict facilitating the growth of Muslim states.
What made possible the spread of Islam?
- Peripheral societies were drawn into the fight as a result of the chaos brought on by the Byzantines and Sasanids, which helped the rise of Muslim nations.
- The Muslim idea of jihad was crucial. Others assert that jihad involves militancy as a part of a holy war against non-Muslims living in areas beyond the control of the Muslim community.
What forms of government were established to rule Islamic lands?
- The caliph stood for the notion of an all-encompassing Muslim community. Government exists to enforce the law, not to make it. Political figures who stray too far from religious precepts are held accountable by religious groups and authorities. Based on the notion that Muslim political and theological unanimity transcended tribalism, the Caliphate was established.
- The divide brought about by Shia and Sunni conquests gave rise to the byzantine-style government.
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