The external expression of a mineral’s orderly internal arrangement of atoms is referred to as its crystal form
Internally, a mineral's crystal structure, or regular, repeating arrangement of atoms, reflects the chemical makeup of the mineral. A CHEMICAL FORMULA, which only lists the proportions of the various elements and groups of elements in the mineral, can be used to describe the composition of a mineral. For minerals with a narrow range of composition, the latter idea—groups of elements—comes into play. Color, hardness, luster, crystal formations, density, and cleavage are characteristics that aid geologists in determining a mineral's identity in a rock. The atomic structure of a crystal essentially determines its form, cleavage, and hardness. Chemical composition is the main determinant of color and density.
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