A branching tree that represents the evolutionary relationships among a number of species is, in scientific terms, called a: Phylogenetic tree.
A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that represents the evolutionary relationships between organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a hypothesis, not a definitive fact. The pattern of branching in a phylogenetic tree reflects how a species or other group evolved from a set of common ancestors.
Phylogenetic trees are important tools for organizing knowledge about biodiversity, showing hypothetical evolutionary relationships between nested taxa (monophyletic) supported by shared features known as synapomorphies. communicate (Novick and Catley, 2007).
The parts of a phylogenetic tree are therefore branches, nodes, and (for rooted trees) the root. Sister taxa are taxa that share a common ancestor.
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