Because lenses act like a prism to separate the colours of the spectrum, they produce a troublesome effect known as Chromatic abberation.
Chromatic aberration (CA), also known as chromatic distortion and spherochromatism in optics, is when a lens fails to bring all colours into focus at the same location. It results from dispersion because the lens elements' refractive indices change depending on the light's wavelength.
Most transparent materials lose refractive index as wavelength increases. Because a lens's refractive index determines its focal length, variations in that index have an impact on focusing. Chromatic aberration appears as colour "fringes" along the lines dividing the dark and light areas of the image.
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