A characteristic of Robertsonian translocation is that tiny short arm of the acrocentric chromosomes are lost but their DNA sequences are repeated elsewhere in the genome, so the loss does not cause symptoms
Robertsonian translocation is one in which, effectively, the whole of a chromosome is joined end to end with another chromosome.
This translocation can only happen in chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, because the ends of their short arms have similar repetitive DNA sequences that predispose to their fusion.
This kind of translocation can result in trisomy which ultimately causes disease conditions (for example, chromosome 21 trisomy causes Down syndrome).
In some cases, like the long arms of chromosomes 13 and 14 fuses, no significant genetic material is lost and the person can be normal in spite of the translocation.
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