Punishment decreases the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement increases the rate of operant responding.
Thus, positive reinforcement enhances the response by presenting something pleasant after the response, and negative reinforcement enhances the response by reducing or removing the unpleasant.
It can be positive or negative, and punishment can be positive or negative. All reinforcers (positive or negative) increase the likelihood of a behavioral response. All Punishers (positive or negative) reduce the likelihood of a behavioral response.
Negative reinforcement is used to remove discomfort or discomfort in response to a stimulus. It is said that as time goes on, target behavior increases in the hope that the objectionable will be removed.
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