Theories that share the assumption of free will and rational choice are commonly called Jeremy Bentham.
According to Beccaria in particular, classical crime theory assumes that people have no will and are therefore entirely responsible for their actions and capable of rationally weighing their own abilities.
The psychoanalytic approach to adult personality formation is rooted in the theories of Sigmund Freud. His theory covered four areas: level of consciousness, personality structure, defense mechanisms, and stages of psychosexual development.
Classical and neoclassical theories form the basis of the US criminal justice system. A more modern version of this theory, called Rational Choice Theory, is perhaps a response to criminologists' accusations of failing to figure out the cause of crime.
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