b. origin of prokaryotic cells
a. evolution of eukaryotic cells
c. evolution of multicellular organisms
d. plants and fungi colonize land
- Prokaryotes are primitive cells without nuclei that were the first to evolve.
- Their DNA is round. Circular DNA is found in the mitochondrion and chlorophyll of eukaryotes as well, which shows that prokaryotes evolved first.
- According to fossil evidence, eukaryotes diverged from prokaryotes between 1.5 and 2 billion years ago.
- Studies of mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are assumed to have evolved from bacteria residing in big cells, are particularly helpful in supporting the idea that eukaryotic cells originated from an endosymbiotic association of prokaryotes.
- Eukaryotic cells' evolution is explained by the endosymbiotic hypothesis.
- Both the large and small cells profited from their symbiotic interaction.
- Some of the small cells were able to use the energy from the waste products of the large cells. They provided energy for more than just themselves.
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