Tom's arc shows how much he is wronged, to the point of violently losing his life, due to racism, which is the central theme of the book.
Tom is accused of abusing a white girl. Although there is no evidence of Tom's attack and there is evidence that proves his innocence, he is unfairly judged. People only see his skin tone and conclude that he is dangerous because of that and that he should be removed from society as soon as possible.
Despite evidence of his innocence, Tom is sentenced to death. This reinforces the book's theme about how racism is harmful and dangerous and therefore should not be encouraged in society, mainly because it causes intense suffering and injustice to people who do not deserve it.
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