According to John Locke, Experience is how we acquire basic knowledge.
What explains why, in many of the problems, historical data is used is; Information changes rapidly.
1) John Locke's theory simply means that all knowledge comes exclusively through experience. He argues that at birth the mind is a tabula rasa, that humans fill with ideas as they experience the world through the five senses.
Thus, the missing word in the question is "Experience".
2) The reason why historical data is used in may problems is because Information changes rapidly. The information being circulated currently may be different from that circulated 100 years ago.
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