Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, it is estimated that apes and Old World monkeys diverged into separate lineages around 25 mya.
Miocene apes and modern apes
- The size of the hands is one way that Miocene primates and modern apes differ.
- The prehistoric primate genus Sivapithecus, which lived between 23.7 and 5.3 million years ago, is regarded to be the orangutan's closest living relative.
- Early in the Miocene, primitive catarrhines, apes, and Old World monkeys were confined to Africa, but by the middle and late Miocene, they had expanded to Eurasia as well.
- Close relatives of living lorises include Nycticeboides and Nycticebus.
- Proconsul africanus, a species of ape, flourished between 23 and 14 million years ago during the Miocene epoch.
- It ate fruit, but probably not as much fruit as an ape does now, and had a brain that was larger than a monkey's.
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