A heuristic is a type of problem-solving strategy (a mental shortcut), while an algorithm is a more tedious process, but it is guaranteed to eventually produce the desired result.
Heuristics are mental shortcuts that enable someone to solve problems, pass judgment, or make decisions rapidly and with little mental effort. For instance, if a student had to choose what to major in at university, she would probably follow her instincts and choose the course of study she thinks will be the most rewarding, useful, and intriguing.
An algorithm is a predetermined series of detailed steps that offers the ideal solution to a certain problem. The process of doing laundry, the way we solve a long division problem, the ingredients for making a cake, and the operation of a search engine are all instances of algorithms.
Heuristics and algorithms are two alternative ways of approaching problem-solving. Algorithms are detailed, sequential processes. They may be time-consuming and demand a lot of mental effort, but they are exhaustive and ensure the right answer. Heuristics, on the other hand, are quick fixes or general rules of thumb.
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