Action potentials travel swiftly down: axons with myelin and more slowly in axons without myelin.
The conduction velocity of the action potential is faster in myelinated axons, the nerve impulse generated by an action potential can propagate faster than it loses its strength due to the insulation that protects against signal loss. Similar to the insulation around wires in electrical systems, glial cells form a membrane sheath surrounding axons called myelin, insulating the axon. This myelination, as it is called, can greatly increase the speed of signals transmitted between neurons. The action potential travels down the axon as a result of sodium influx depolarizing near-threshold segments of the axon. A voltage change that reaches a threshold value causes voltage-gated sodium channels in the axonal membrane to open.
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