Question

You are an epidemiologist studying an emerging disease reported over the past three years in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan. You have noticed a seasonal pattern of disease, with new cases appearing in late April through September and peaking in July. No new cases appear during late fall or the winter months. This pattern is suggestive of __________.

Answer 1

This pattern is suggestive of disease transmission by an arthropod vector, such as a mosquito or tick.

Arthropod vectors include mosquitoes, flies, midges, ticks, mites, fleas, bed bugs, lice, and other arthropods that carry and transmit disease-causing organisms or pathogens from one host to another. Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species such as mosquitoes, ticks, triatomine bugs, sand flies, and black flies. Arthropod vectors are cold-blooded (ectothermic) and therefore particularly sensitive to climatic factors. Arthropods transmit the parasites either by injecting them into the host's bloodstream directly through their salivary glands, or by driving the parasites into the pool of blood that develops when the skin is chewed.

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