What are the major mechanisms of epigenetic genome modification?

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18-07-2022
Biology

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What are the major mechanisms of epigenetic genome modification?

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shriparnavaidikedu shriparnavaidikedu · Answer 1 · 2022-07-25T13:20:22+02:00

The major mechanisms of epigenetic genome modification are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing.

DNA methylation is the process in which there is an addition of methyl groups to the DNA molecule. When there is the presence of methyl groups on a gene , it is turned off. Thus, no protein formation takes place from that gene.

Histone modification is the process in which histone proteins, can be modified by the addition or removal of methyl or acetyl groups. DNA is wrapped around histone proteins, and histone proteins can be modified by the addition or removal of methyl or acetyl groups. Due to these modifications. it affects how tightly DNA is wrapped around histones and genes can be turned off and on.

Non -coding RNAs control gene expression by sequence specific interactions with regulatory regions.

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