1. Difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms with examples. 2. Difference between monocotyledons and dicotyledons with examples. 3. Difference between cytotaxonomy and chemotaxonomy.
Angiosperms and Gymnosperms are both seed-producing plants. Angiosperms examples include all flowering plants with enclosed seeds like Mango, Apple, Banana, ...
Monocot Dicot
Venation: Monocot leaves have parallel venation. Dicot leaves have reticulate venation
Chemotaxonomy is based on the similarities and differences in biochemistry such as a sequence of amino acids in proteins, whereas, cytotaxonomy is the classification based on cellular characteristics such as chromosomes number and behaviour.
A seed is produced by flowering plants and is enclosed within an ovary.
A seed is produced by non-flowering plants and are unenclosed or náked.
Fruit trees including Mango, Apple, Banana, Peach, Cherry, Orange, Pear, etc are the examples of Angiosperms.
Some examples of gymnosperm plants are cypress, pine, spruce, redwood, ginkgo, cycads, juniper, fir, etc.
2. Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons.
The monocotyledonous embryos have a single cotyledon.
The dicotyledonous embryos have a pair of cotyledons.
A few examples of monocotyledons are garlic, onions, wheat, corn and grass, etc.
A few examples of dicots are beans, cauliflower, apples and pear, etc.
3. Cytotaxonomy and Chemotaxonomy.
Cytotaxonomy is (taxonomy) the classification of organisms based upon their cellular structure and function, and especially based on the number and structure of these chromosomes.
Chemotaxonomy is (biochemistry, genetic) the classification of taxonomy of organisms based on differences and similarities in biochemistry that the organisms base has in common.
E.g. chromosome number, shape, size, etc.
E.g. presence of certain proteins, nucleic acids, fat, oil, phenols, etc.
