Two dice are rolled. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers rolled is either 10 or 11? Express your answer as a fraction in lowest terms or a decimal rounded to the nearest millionth.

Probability states how likely an event is about to happen. The probability of an event can exist only between 0 and 1 where 0 indicates that event is not going to happen i.e. Impossibility and 1 indicates that it is going to happen for sure i.e. Certainty.

The higher or lessen the probability of an event, the more likely it is that the event will occur or not respectively. For example – An unbiased coin is tossed once. So the total number of outcomes can be 2 only i.e. either “heads” or “tails”. The probability of both outcomes is equal i.e. 50% or 1/2.

So,

P(Event) = N(Favorable Outcomes) / N (Total Outcomes)

Sample Space:

All the possible outcomes of an event are called Sample spaces.

Examples-

• If two dice are rolled together then total outcomes will be 36 and

Sample space will be

[ (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)

(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)

(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)

(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)

(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)

(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6) ]

Probability of rolling a sum of 10 or 11 with two dice:

When two dice are rolled together then total outcomes are 36 and

Sample space is

[ (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)

(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)

(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)

(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)

(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)

(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6) ]

So, pairs with sum 10 or 11 are (4, 6) (5, 5) (6, 4) (5,6) (6,5) i.e. total 5 pairs

Total outcomes = 36

Favorable outcomes = 5

Probability of getting the sum of 10 or 11 = Favorable outcomes / Total outcomes

= 5 / 36

So, P(sum of 10 or 11) = 5/36

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