Question

2. Describe the difference between a step-up and step-down transformer.

Answer 1

Answer:

See Below

Explanation:

As this question is about the type of transformer, i am not going to discuss the detail the construction of it, rather the underlying principle. In practices transformer has two component namely primary and secondary. For an ideal transformer energy must conserved.

$P_p=P_s$

$\\\Rightarrow V_{p}I_{p} & = & V_{s}I_{s}\qquad\text{as}\qquad \boxed{P=VI}\\\text{or},\frac{V_{p}}{V_{s}} & = & \frac{I_{s}}{I_{p}}\tag{1}\end{eqnarray}$(1)

Where, $V_p$, $I_p$ are the voltage and current in the primary circuit and $V_s$, $I_s$ are that for secondary circuit respectively. If consider the number of turns of the coil in primary ($N_p$) and secondary circuit $(N_s)$ , then expression (1) further extends to

$\frac{V_{p}}{V_{s}} = \frac{I_{s}}{I_{p}}=\frac{N_{p}}{N_{s}}\tag{2}$       (2)

Equation (2) is the main equation for transformer.

Now consider

$\frac{V_{p}}{V_{s}} = \frac{N_{p}}{N_{s}}$

Case-1: If $N_{p} > N_{s}$ then $V_{s} < V_{p}$ . This the step-down transformer. Where the number of turns in the primary is greater than that of secondary.

Case-2:If $N_{s} > N_{p}$  then $V_{s} > V_{p}$. This the step-up transformer. Where the number of turns in the primary is less than that of secondary.

Higher Context:

A transformer is an electrical device that uses electromagnetic induction to transmit electrical energy between two or more circuits. This induction produces a force across the conductor, which is subsequently subjected to varying magnetic fields. In a power application, transformers typically reduce or enhance alternating current voltages.

This is where a step down transformer comes in, to increase or decrease an alternating current current. The primary voltage is larger than the secondary voltage in this sort of device. In a 220v application, a step down transformer will be required to use a 110v product. These transformers frequently rely on magnetic induction between coils. This is the component that transforms voltage and/or current levels. As a result, you'll have two (or more) insulated wire coils twisted around an iron core. When you add voltage to the primary (one of the coils), the core is magnetized and voltage is induced in the secondary (other coil). The voltage reduction is determined by the ratio of turns in the two sets of windings. As a result, if you have 200 turns on the main and 100 on the secondary, your ratio will be 2:1. The voltage ratio of a single transformer remains constant throughout all usage of that transformer.

To recap, a step down transformer transforms low current, high voltage electricity to high current, low voltage power. It is also possible to use a step down transformer as a reverse connection. To do this, a single phase step down transformer of 1 kva or greater is required.

The primary reason we may want a step down transformer in the first place is to conserve energy. When electrons move down a metal wire, they do not follow a straight, smooth route. They jostle around, wasting energy and heating up the wire. However, greater voltage and lower current consume less energy. This is why power plants deliver extremely high voltages down the line to your home, workplace, and so on.

Another reason for such high voltages is for applications that require them, like as industrial facilities. Their massive, powerful machinery may demand this voltage and do not need a step down transformer. These circumstances may necessitate the use of a step-up transformer, which may be accomplished, as previously stated, by utilizing a step-down in reverse. Because it is not the most efficient method, it is preferable to invest in a genuine step up transformer after researching your particular voltage needs. A step up transformer is one that raises the voltage from its main to secondary power source. In this sort of transformer, the secondary coil has more turns than the main coil, hence the induced secondary coil voltage is greater than the applied voltage on the primary coil.

When the relationship between voltage and turns in each coil is shown, it looks like this:

(Primary coil voltage minus secondary coil voltage) = (Primary coil turns minus secondary coil turns)

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Learn more about step-up and step-down transformers:

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